A Health Educator’s Guide to Understanding Drugs of Abuse TestingJones & Bartlett Publishers, 2009 M03 18 - 230 pages The drug free workplace initiative was started in 1986 by President Ronald Reagan when he issued an executive order to develop guidelines for drug abuse testing for Federal Government employees. Since then, most state, government, and private employers have adopted the policy of a drug free workplace. Today, pre-employment drug testing is almost mandatory and passing the drug test is a condition for hire. A Health Educator's Guide to Understanding Drug Abuse Testing describes in layman’s language the process of testing for drugs and provides coverage of what potential employees are being tested for, how the tests are performed, and what foods and drugs may affect the test results and may jeopardize a person's chance of being hired. Written by a practicing toxicologist, this text gives health educators a solid foundation in the process of drug testing and helps them understand how different methods of cheating drug tests are rendered ineffectual. |
Contents
Foreword | |
Preface | |
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | |
Abbreviations | |
CHAPTER 1 | |
HISTORY OF DRUG ABUSE | |
DRUG ABUSE IN THE UNITED STATES | |
DRUG ABUSE IN MAJOR US CITIES | |
SPECIMEN INTEGRITY TESTING | |
DILUTED URINE AND DRUGSOFABUSE TESTING | |
FLUSHING DETOXIFICATION AGENTS DIURETICS AND HERBAL TEA | |
ASPIRIN AND OTHER NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS | |
BITTER ORANGE AND AMPHETAMINE IMMUNOASSAY SCREENING | |
CONCLUSION | |
REFERENCES | |
CHAPTER 10 | |
STREET NAMES OF COMMON DRUGS | |
CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS AS CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES | |
ABUSE OF PRESCRIPTION MEDICATIONS | |
ABUSE OF NONPRESCRIPTION MEDICATIONS | |
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF DRUGS OF ABUSE | |
CONCLUSION | |
REFERENCES | |
CHAPTER 2 | |
THE ROLE OF DOPAMINE | |
METABOLISM OF ABUSED DRUGS | |
AMPHETAMINE METHAMPHETAMINE AND SIMILAR DRUGS | |
BARBITURATES | |
BENZODIAZEPINES | |
COCAINE ABUSE | |
MARIJUANA | |
OPIATES | |
METHADONE | |
PROPOXYPHENE | |
PHENCYCLIDINE | |
METHAQUALONE AND GLUTETHIMIDE | |
CONCLUSION | |
REFERENCES | |
CHAPTER 3 | |
DESIGNER DRUGS AS AMPHETAMINE ANALOGS | |
DESIGNER DRUGS DERIVED FROM PHENYLETHYLAMINE | |
ILLICIT DRUGS THAT ARE FENTANYL ANALOGS | |
USE AND ABUSE | |
ABUSE OF MEPERIDINE AND ITS ANALOGS | |
ABUSE OF GHB AND ITS ANALOGS | |
ROHYPNOL | |
CONCLUSION | |
REFERENCES | |
CHAPTER 4 | |
EXECUTIVE ORDER OF PRESIDENT REAGAN | |
IMPORTANT LAWS AND REGULATIONS | |
WHEN SHOULD DRUG TESTING BE CONDUCTED? | |
THE ROLE OF SAMHSA IN WORKPLACE DRUG TESTING | |
SAMHSACERTIFIED LABORATORIES | |
CONCLUSION | |
REFERENCES | |
CHAPTER 5 | |
SAMHSAMANDATED DRUG TESTS | |
ROLE OF THE MEDICAL REVIEW OFFICER IN SAMHSAMANDATED DRUG TESTING | |
TESTING FOR NONSAMHSA DRUGS | |
COLLECTION OF URINE SPECIMENS | |
CHAIN OF CUSTODY | |
CONCLUSION | |
CHAPTER 6 | |
MEDICAL DRUG TESTING VERSUS WORKPLACE DRUG TESTING | |
WORKERS COMPENSATION | |
UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION | |
DRUG TESTING ON ALTERNATIVE SPECIMENS | |
STATE AND FEDERAL DRUG LAWS | |
REFERENCES | |
CHAPTER 7 | |
BASIC PRINCIPLES | |
HOMOGENEOUS VERSUS HETEROGENEOUS ASSAY FORMAT | |
HOMOGENEOUS IMMUNOASSAYS | |
HETEROGENEOUS IMMUNOASSAYS | |
LIMITATIONS OF IMMUNOASSAYS | |
THINLAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR DRUG ANALYSIS | |
MASS SPECTROMETRIC TECHNIQUES FOR DRUG CONFIRMATION | |
GCMS FOR DRUG CONFIRMATION | |
SIM VERSUS FULL SCAN | |
ANALYSIS OF AMPHETAMINES | |
ANALYSIS OF BENZODIAZEPINES | |
ANALYSIS OF BARBITURATES | |
ANALYSIS OF COCAINE METABOLITES | |
ANALYSIS OF CANNABINOIDS | |
ANALYSIS OF OPIATES | |
ANALYSIS OF METHADONE | |
ANALYSIS OF PROPOXYPHENE | |
DRUG CONFIRMATION IN HAIR SALIVA AND SWEAT SPECIMENS | |
CONCLUSION | |
CHAPTER 8 | |
LATERALFLOW IMMUNOASSAY | |
POINTOFCARE TESTING OF URINE SPECIMENS | |
POINTOFCARE TESTING DEVICES FOR ORAL FLUID | |
POINTOFCARE TESTING FOR SWEAT SPECIMENS | |
CONCLUSION | |
CHAPTER 9 | |
COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE FLUSHING AND DETOXIFYING PRODUCTS | |
A BIG CHALLENGE | |
SPECIMEN INTEGRITY TESTS | |
COMMON HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS AND DRINKS AS URINARY ADULTERANTS | |
CONCLUSION | |
REFERENCES | |
CHAPTER 11 | |
OXIDIZING AGENTS | |
NITRITECONTAINING AGENTS | |
PEROXIDASE | |
GLUTARALDEHYDE | |
OTHER URINARY ADULTERANTS | |
MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ADULTERANTS | |
IDENTIFYING ADULTERATED SPECIMENS | |
URINE DIPSTICKS TO DETECT URINARY ADULTERANTS | |
LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF ADULTERATED SPECIMENS | |
CONCLUSION | |
CHAPTER 12 | |
POPPY PLANTS AND POPPY SEEDS | |
MORPHINE AND CODEINE CONCENTRATIONS FOLLOWING CONSUMPTION OF POPPY SEEDS | |
HEROIN ABUSE VERSUS POPPY SEED CONSUMPTION | |
HEALTH INCA TEA AND MATE DE COCA TEA | |
PASSIVE INHALATION OF MARIJUANA | |
HEMP OIL | |
CONCLUSION | |
REFERENCES | |
CHAPTER 13 | |
COCAINE AND OTHER DRUGS OF ABUSE IN PAPER CURRENCY | |
HANDLING MONEY CONTAMINATED WITH DRUGS | |
PSILOCIN AND AMPHETAMINE SCREENING | |
LYSERGIC ACID | |
KETAMINE | |
SOLVENT AND GLUE SNIFFING | |
CONCLUSION | |
REFERENCES | |
CHAPTER 14 | |
OTC MEDICATIONS | |
EPHEDRACONTAINING WEIGHTLOSS PRODUCTS | |
EFFECT OF INHALER USE ON AMPHETAMINEMETHAMPHETAMINE SCREENING | |
SOME OTC COLD MEDICATIONS MOVED BEHIND THE COUNTER | |
OTC COLD MEDICATIONS MAY BE FATAL IN INFANTS | |
RANITIDINE AND AMPHETAMINEMETHAMPHETAMINE SCREENING | |
MISCELLANEOUS OTHER INTERFERENCES | |
OTC DRUGS CONTAINING CODEINE AND OPIATE | |
CONCLUSION | |
REFERENCES | |
CHAPTER 15 | |
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS THAT INTERFERE WITH AMPHETAMINEMETHAMPHETAMINE SCREENING | |
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS THAT CONTAIN AMPHETAMINE OR METHAMPHETAMINE | |
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS THAT ARE METABOLIZED TO AMPHETAMINE OR METHAMPHETAMINE | |
OPIOIDCONTAINING PRESCRIPTION DRUGS | |
USE OF MARINOL AND THE MARIJUANA TEST | |
BENZODIAZEPINECONTAINING DRUGS | |
EFFECT OF OXAPROZIN ON IMMUNOASSAY SCREENING FOR BENZODIAZEPINES | |
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS THAT CONTAIN PROPOXYPHENE | |
CONCLUSION | |
REFERENCES | |
CHAPTER 16 | |
DILUTE URINE AND DRUG TESTING | |
HERBAL REMEDIES AND HERBAL TEA | |
POPPY SEEDS AND HEMP PRODUCTS | |
COLD COUGH AND PRESCRIPTION MEDICATIONS | |
ADULTERANTS | |
CONCLUSION | |
CHAPTER 17 | |
TESTING OF HAIR SPECIMENS | |
TESTING OF ORAL FLUIDS | |
SWEAT TESTING | |
TESTING OF DRUGS IN MECONIUM | |
CONCLUSION | |
REFERENCES | |
CHAPTER 18 | |
HERBAL REMEDIES AND ADVERSE EFFECTS | |
INTERACTION OF ST JOHNS WORT WITH WESTERN DRUGS | |
CONTAMINATION OF HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS | |
HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS THAT DO NOT INTERFERE WITH DRUGSOFABUSE TESTING | |
HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS CONTAINING HALLUCINOGENS | |
ABUSE OF KHAT | |
ABUSE OF JIMSON WEED | |
HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS CONTAINING ILLICIT DRUGS | |
POSITIVE DRUG TESTS DUE TO HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS | |
REFERENCES | |
APPENDIX | |
Other editions - View all
A Health Educator’s Guide to Understanding Drugs of Abuse Testing Dr. Amitava Dasgupta Limited preview - 2011 |
A Health Educator’s Guide to Understanding Drugs of Abuse Testing Amitava Dasgupta Limited preview - 2010 |
Common terms and phrases
abused drugs acid adulterants amphetamine amphetamine and methamphetamine amphetamine/methamphetamine Anal Toxicol analysis analyzed antibody barbiturates benzodiazepines benzoylecgonine cannabinoids cannabis cause CEDIA Clin Chem cocaine codeine commercially available containing controlled substances creatinine cross-reactivity cutoff concentration derivatization designer drugs devices diluted urine dopamine drug abuse drug screen drug testing drug-testing programs drugs of abuse drugs-of-abuse testing effect EMIT assay employees enzyme extraction federal fentanyl flunitrazepam Forensic Sci Int GC/MS hair specimens hallucinogens Health herbal supplements heroin hydrocodone hydromorphone illicit drugs immunoassay screening ingestion interfere JAnal ketamine laboratory marijuana marijuana metabolite MDMA meconium metabolite metabolized methadone methamphetamine methaqualone mg/dl molecules morphine ng/ml nitrite ofof opiate overdose oxycodone patients phencyclidine point-of-care poppy seeds pre-employment prescription medications propoxyphene pseudoephedrine receptor reported SAMHSA Schedule screening assays solvent specific gravity spectrometry substance abuse sweat TableTable test results tested positive THC-COOH toxicity urinary urine specimens workplace drug testing